{"id":5468,"date":"2026-08-14T13:46:30","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T13:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/titanium-forging-or-machining-from-bar\/"},"modified":"2026-08-15T01:47:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-15T01:47:35","slug":"titanium-forging-or-machining-from-bar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/titanium-forging-or-machining-from-bar\/","title":{"rendered":"Forja de titanio o mecanizado a partir de barra: qu\u00e9 proceso elegir"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Titanium<\/figure>\n

La forja o el mecanizado a partir de barra se decide seg\u00fan la pieza, no por preferencia<\/h2>\n

Ambos procesos utilizan las mismas designaciones de calidad en sus dos especificaciones. Lo que cambia es el material de partida, cu\u00e1nto se convierte en virutas y la norma conforme a la que se emite el certificado. Para una pieza determinada, el proceso adecuado suele resultar evidente una vez que se conocen las dimensiones finales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Qu\u00e9 determina el proceso<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
La norma aplicable que rige el pedido<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
El material de partida del que se obtiene la pieza<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Si se requiere un plano antes de poder presentar una oferta para la l\u00ednea<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Los dos procesos se rigen por normas diferentes<\/h2>\n

Este es el aspecto que los compradores dejan abierto con mayor frecuencia. Indicar la calidad sin indicar el proceso deja la elecci\u00f3n a la f\u00e1brica, y el certificado puede entonces indicar una norma que el plano no acepte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ruta<\/th>\nNorma aplicable<\/th>\nPedido conforme a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Pieza forjada<\/td>\nASTM B381<\/td>\nUn plano<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Mecanizado a partir de barra o tocho<\/td>\nASTM B348<\/td>\nUn tama\u00f1o de la gama de barras<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Los tama\u00f1os alcanzables no son los mismos<\/h2>\n

El proceso a partir de barra permite obtener las secciones m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as y las mayores longitudes<\/a>. El proceso de forja permite obtener anillos, discos y bloques que ninguna secci\u00f3n de barra produce. En barra redonda, ambas gamas alcanzan los mismos 500 mm, por lo que el di\u00e1metro por s\u00ed solo no determina el proceso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Forma<\/th>\nGama que Beiyu utiliza como referencia de revisi\u00f3n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Barra redonda, ASTM B348<\/td>\n1 mm a 500 mm de di\u00e1metro, longitud de hasta 6000 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Barra redonda forjada, ASTM B381<\/td>\nDe 50 mm a 500 mm de di\u00e1metro, longitud hasta 3000 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Anillo, forjado<\/td>\nDi\u00e1metro exterior 50 mm a 2000 mm, di\u00e1metro interior 10 mm a 900 mm, altura 20 mm a 400 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Disco, forjado<\/td>\nDi\u00e1metro exterior 50 mm a 2000 mm, espesor 20 mm a 500 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Bloque, forjado<\/td>\n50 mm a 600 mm, dimensi\u00f3n determinante seg\u00fan el plano<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

El rango corresponde a una capacidad de producci\u00f3n, no a una declaraci\u00f3n de existencias, y la combinaci\u00f3n solicitada se confirma en la oferta.<\/p>\n

Cu\u00e1ndo resulta adecuado cada proceso<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Condici\u00f3n de la pieza<\/th>\nProceso al que apunta<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
La pieza acabada cabe dentro de una secci\u00f3n de barra est\u00e1ndar<\/td>\nMecanizado a partir de barra conforme a ASTM B348<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
El di\u00e1metro exterior requerido supera los 500 mm que alcanza la gama de barras<\/td>\nForja conforme a ASTM B381, donde los anillos y discos alcanzan 2000 mm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
La pieza es un anillo, un disco o un bloque en lugar de una secci\u00f3n de barra<\/td>\nForja conforme a ASTM B381<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Larga, de peque\u00f1o di\u00e1metro, repetida en cantidad<\/td>\nMecanizado a partir de barra conforme a ASTM B348<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

La denominaci\u00f3n de las calidades cambia entre las dos normas<\/h2>\n

ASTM B381 utiliza sus propias designaciones para las piezas forjadas<\/a>, por lo que la misma aleaci\u00f3n se escribe de forma diferente seg\u00fan el proceso de la l\u00ednea. Un pedido que solo indica la calidad comercial deja a la f\u00e1brica la asignaci\u00f3n de su correspondencia, y ah\u00ed es donde los certificados empiezan a discrepar de los planos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nombre comercial<\/th>\nSeg\u00fan ASTM B381<\/th>\nUNS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Titanio sin alear Grade 2<\/td>\nGrade F-2<\/td>\nR50400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 5 Ti-6Al-4V<\/td>\nGrade F-5<\/td>\nR56400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Titanio sin alear con paladio Grade 7<\/td>\nGrade F-7<\/td>\nR52400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 12 Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni<\/td>\nGrade F-12<\/td>\nR53400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Qu\u00e9 indicar en el pedido<\/h2>\n
Proceso: ______ (forja, o mecanizado a partir de barra y tocho) Norma aplicable: ______ (ASTM B381 para piezas forjadas, ASTM B348 para barra y tocho) Calidad: ______ (indique el nombre comercial y, para piezas forjadas, la designaci\u00f3n B381) UNS: ______ Plano: ______ (adj\u00fantelo cuando el proceso sea la forja) Dimensiones finales y sobremetal de mecanizado: ______ Estado: ______ (R \/ M, indicado en el pedido) Alcance del examen: ______ (m\u00e9todo, cobertura, norma de aceptaci\u00f3n, clase y etapa) Certificado: certificado de inspecci\u00f3n 3.1 seg\u00fan EN 10204 con trazabilidad por n\u00famero de colada, alcance del informe seg\u00fan el pedido<\/pre>\n
Env\u00ede las dimensiones finales antes de preguntar qu\u00e9 proceso es m\u00e1s econ\u00f3mico<\/a>. Beiyu revisa la pieza conforme a los l\u00edmites dimensionales de ambos procesos y confirma la combinaci\u00f3n de calidad, tama\u00f1o y norma antes de presentar una oferta.<\/p>\n
\n
Detalles de especificaci\u00f3n con fuentes<\/h2>\n
Las dos rutas est\u00e1n vinculadas a nivel de material, no separadas por \u00e9l. ASTM B381<\/a> establece en su cl\u00e1usula de materiales y fabricaci\u00f3n que debe utilizarse material conforme a ASTM B348 para producir piezas forjadas seg\u00fan esa especificaci\u00f3n (ASTM B381, materiales y fabricaci\u00f3n). Por tanto, una pieza forjada no parte de un metal diferente al de una barra; parte de barras y tochos, que despu\u00e9s se conforman, proceso que ASTM B381 define como cualquier producto conformado hasta la forma deseada mediante impacto o presi\u00f3n en martillos, m\u00e1quinas de forja, recalcadoras, prensas o equipos de conformado similares (ASTM B381, terminolog\u00eda).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Campo<\/th>\nASTM B348, barra y tocho<\/th>\nASTM B381, piezas forjadas<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Conforme a qu\u00e9 se realiza el pedido<\/td>\nUn tama\u00f1o de la gama de barras<\/td>\nUn plano<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
L\u00edmite entre barra y tocho<\/td>\nLa barra es una secci\u00f3n maciza de 16 sq in (10 323 sq mm) de \u00e1rea transversal o menos; el tocho supera ese valor, con una anchura inferior a cinco veces el espesor<\/td>\nASTM B381 incluye sus propias definiciones de barra y tocho en la cl\u00e1usula de terminolog\u00eda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Designaci\u00f3n de calidad en el certificado<\/td>\nGrade 2, Grade 5, Grade 7, Grade 12<\/td>\nGrade F-2, Grade F-5, Grade F-7, Grade F-12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Ambas normas utilizan los mismos m\u00e9todos de ensayo para informar sobre la composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica y las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas. ASTM B381 enumera ASTM E8 para el ensayo de tracci\u00f3n, ASTM E1409 para ox\u00edgeno y nitr\u00f3geno por fusi\u00f3n en gas inerte, ASTM E1447 para hidr\u00f3geno, ASTM E1941 para carbono por combusti\u00f3n y ASTM E2371 para an\u00e1lisis por emisi\u00f3n at\u00f3mica de plasma (ASTM B381, documentos de referencia). Indicar un m\u00e9todo de ensayo en el pedido determina c\u00f3mo se obtiene un valor. Por s\u00ed solo no establece el l\u00edmite de aceptaci\u00f3n, que procede de las tablas de composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica y tracci\u00f3n de la especificaci\u00f3n de producto, ni determina el plan de muestreo, que corresponde a una cl\u00e1usula independiente. En la pr\u00e1ctica de suministro de Beiyu, el proceso, la norma y el alcance del examen se confirman con el plano antes de fijar el precio.<\/p>\n
Env\u00ede una solicitud de oferta t\u00e9cnica<\/h2>\n
Para las solicitudes de oferta de piezas forjadas y barras de titanio, incluya la ruta, la norma aplicable, la calidad y el UNS, el plano cuando la ruta sea la forja, las dimensiones acabadas y el sobremetal de mecanizado, el estado, el alcance de los ex\u00e1menes con sus criterios de aceptaci\u00f3n y el certificado de materiales requerido.<\/p>\n
Enviar detalles de la solicitud de oferta<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Forging or machining from bar is decided by the part, not by preference Both routes carry the same grade designations across their two specifications. What differs is where the material starts, how much of it becomes chips, and which standard the certificate is written against. For a given part one route is usually obvious once […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_templately_pack_id":"","_templately_imported_at":"","_templately_source":"","_templately_import_session_id":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,137],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5468","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-technical-guides"],"yoast_head":"\nTitanium Forging or Machining From Bar: Which Route<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Forgings run under ASTM B381 against a drawing, bar under ASTM B348 against a size. 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Production runs through the Beiyu titanium mill in Baoji, Shaanxi. Orders are RFQ-based, with EN 10204 3.1 mill test certificates and heat-number traceability available on request.\",\"areaServed\":\"Worldwide\",\"knowsAbout\":[\"Titanium\",\"Titanium alloy\",\"Titanium bar\",\"Titanium sheet and plate\",\"Titanium tube and pipe\",\"Titanium forgings\",\"Titanium wire\",\"Titanium anode\"],\"address\":{\"@type\":\"PostalAddress\",\"streetAddress\":\"Baotai Road Industrial Park, High-tech Development Zone\",\"addressLocality\":\"Baoji\",\"addressRegion\":\"Shaanxi\",\"addressCountry\":\"CN\"},\"legalName\":\"Jiaxing Beiyu New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/beiyutitanium.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/3560db17cf08813edf34f012735b971b\",\"name\":\"Penn Ma\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es-ES\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0659bdefb633d0d8e567b06d2f8bffac2a369834e53e96c922a06fd8a96f3c72?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0659bdefb633d0d8e567b06d2f8bffac2a369834e53e96c922a06fd8a96f3c72?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0659bdefb633d0d8e567b06d2f8bffac2a369834e53e96c922a06fd8a96f3c72?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Penn Ma\"},\"description\":\"Penn Ma is the person who answers the RFQs at Beiyu Titanium. Over 15 years in titanium export he has learned to review each specification line himself, checking grade, standard, dimensions, tolerance and certificate scope against mill capability before quoting, rather than routing enquiries through a sales desk. He came to titanium supply from the other side of the transaction. Before leading Beiyu's international business he worked at Koch (Koch-Glitsch) and was directly involved in delivering a SABIC petrochemical project in Fujian, China. That work was built on inspection and test plans, material certification and heat traceability, third party inspection coordination, and project documentation and dossier control. Those are the same four things a process industry or regulated buyer will hold a titanium supplier to, and having had to enforce them as a customer is why they are treated here as part of the supply rather than as paperwork produced afterwards. His day-to-day work spans the questions this site is written to answer: choosing between commercially pure and alloyed titanium grades for a corrosive service, reading a mill test certificate against the ordered standard, and matching a buyer's designation (ASTM grade, UNS, German Werkstoff number or French NF code) to the same metal across markets. Beiyu supplies titanium, nickel-alloy and refractory mill products across bar, rod, plate, tube, block, ring, coil, ingot, forgings and machined parts, with EN 10204 3.1 documentation and heat-number traceability.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/beiyutitanium.com\\\/es\\\/author\\\/penn-ma\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Forja de titanio o mecanizado a partir de barra: qu\u00e9 proceso elegir","description":"Las piezas forjadas se suministran seg\u00fan ASTM B381 conforme a un plano, y la barra seg\u00fan ASTM B348 conforme a unas dimensiones. 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La producci\u00f3n se realiza en la f\u00e1brica de titanio de Beiyu en Baoji, Shaanxi. Los pedidos se basan en solicitudes de oferta, con certificados de inspecci\u00f3n 3.1 seg\u00fan EN 10204 y trazabilidad por n\u00famero de colada disponibles a petici\u00f3n.","areaServed":"Worldwide","knowsAbout":["Titanium","Titanium alloy","Titanium bar","Titanium sheet and plate","Titanium tube and pipe","Titanium forgings","Titanium wire","Titanium anode"],"address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"Baotai Road Industrial Park, High-tech Development Zone","addressLocality":"Baoji","addressRegion":"Shaanxi","addressCountry":"CN"},"legalName":"Jiaxing Beiyu New Materials Technology Co., Ltd."},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3560db17cf08813edf34f012735b971b","name":"Penn Ma","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es-ES","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0659bdefb633d0d8e567b06d2f8bffac2a369834e53e96c922a06fd8a96f3c72?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0659bdefb633d0d8e567b06d2f8bffac2a369834e53e96c922a06fd8a96f3c72?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0659bdefb633d0d8e567b06d2f8bffac2a369834e53e96c922a06fd8a96f3c72?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Penn Ma"},"description":"Penn Ma es la persona que responde a las solicitudes de oferta en Beiyu Titanium. Durante m\u00e1s de 15 a\u00f1os de exportaci\u00f3n de titanio, ha aprendido a revisar personalmente cada l\u00ednea de especificaci\u00f3n, comprobando calidad, norma, dimensiones, tolerancia y alcance del certificado frente a la capacidad de la f\u00e1brica antes de emitir una oferta, en lugar de canalizar las consultas a trav\u00e9s de un departamento comercial. Lleg\u00f3 al suministro de titanio desde el otro lado de la transacci\u00f3n. Antes de dirigir el negocio internacional de Beiyu, trabaj\u00f3 en Koch (Koch-Glitsch) y particip\u00f3 directamente en la entrega de un proyecto petroqu\u00edmico de SABIC en Fujian, China. Ese trabajo se basaba en planes de inspecci\u00f3n y ensayo, certificaci\u00f3n de materiales y trazabilidad por n\u00famero de colada, coordinaci\u00f3n de inspecci\u00f3n por tercera parte y control de la documentaci\u00f3n y los expedientes del proyecto. Esas son las mismas cuatro cosas que un comprador de la industria de procesos o regulada exigir\u00e1 a un proveedor de titanio, y haber tenido que aplicarlas como cliente es la raz\u00f3n por la que aqu\u00ed se tratan como parte del suministro y no como documentaci\u00f3n elaborada posteriormente. Su trabajo diario abarca las cuestiones que este sitio est\u00e1 concebido para responder: elegir entre calidades de titanio comercialmente puro y aleado para un servicio corrosivo, interpretar un certificado de materiales frente a la norma solicitada y relacionar la designaci\u00f3n de un comprador (calidad ASTM, UNS, n\u00famero Werkstoff alem\u00e1n o c\u00f3digo NF franc\u00e9s) con el mismo metal en distintos mercados. Beiyu suministra productos de f\u00e1brica de titanio, aleaciones de n\u00edquel y materiales refractarios en barra, varilla, chapa gruesa, tubo, bloque, anillo, bobina, lingote, piezas forjadas y piezas mecanizadas, con documentaci\u00f3n EN 10204 3.1 y trazabilidad por n\u00famero de colada.","url":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/author\/penn-ma\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5468","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5468"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5468\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5505,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5468\/revisions\/5505"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}