{"id":3953,"date":"2026-05-31T02:46:49","date_gmt":"2026-05-31T02:46:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/titanium-grades-comparison-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-09-08T23:53:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T23:53:50","slug":"titanium-grades-comparison-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/titanium-grades-comparison-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Titanyum Kaliteleri Tablosu: T\u00fcm ASTM Kaliteleri UNS ve \u00d6zelliklerle Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Titanium<\/figure>\n

ASTM, titanyum kalitelerini Grade 1 ile ba\u015flayarak numaraland\u0131r\u0131r ve 8, 10 ile 22 numaralar\u0131n\u0131 atanmam\u0131\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla say\u0131, hangi standard\u0131 ve bask\u0131y\u0131 okudu\u011funuza ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Ticari sipari\u015flerin neredeyse tamam\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k bir d\u00fczine kaliteden olu\u015fur. Bunlar iki aileye ayr\u0131l\u0131r: oksijen ve demir i\u00e7eri\u011finin dayan\u0131m\u0131 belirledi\u011fi ticari safl\u0131kta titanyum ve al\u00fcminyum, vanadyum, paladyum, molibden veya nikel i\u00e7eren titanyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131. Al\u0131c\u0131lar \u00f6nce kullan\u0131m ko\u015fuluna, ard\u0131ndan dayan\u0131ma g\u00f6re se\u00e7im yapar.<\/p>\n

Titanyum kalitelerine genel bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\n

A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo, ticari titanyum sipari\u015flerinin \u00e7o\u011funu olu\u015fturan on iki kaliteyi kapsar. \u00c7ekme de\u011ferleri, bu kaliteler i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 de\u011ferleri belirten ASTM B265 (\u015ferit, sac ve plaka) ve ASTM B348 (\u00e7ubuk ve k\u00fct\u00fck) gere\u011fi tavlanm\u0131\u015f minimumlard\u0131r. Kopma uzamas\u0131 B265 alt\u0131nda 2 in. veya 50 mm, B348 alt\u0131nda ise 4D olarak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kalite<\/th>\nUNS<\/th>\nWerkstoffnummer<\/th>\nNominal bile\u015fim<\/th>\nMin UTS<\/th>\nAsgari akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 (0,2%)<\/th>\nMin uzama<\/th>\nYo\u011funluk<\/th>\nBelirtmenin ana nedeni<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/p>\n

Grade 1<\/td>\nR50250<\/td>\n3.7025 \/ T35<\/td>\nAla\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z Ti, O 0.18 max, Fe 0.20 max<\/td>\n240 MPa (35 ksi)<\/td>\n138 MPa (20 ksi)<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\n4,51 g\/cm3<\/td>\nEn derin \u015fekillendirme ve \u00e7ekme; anot altl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kaplama stoku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 2<\/td>\nR50400<\/td>\n3.7035 \/ T40<\/td>\nAla\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z Ti, O 0.25 max, Fe 0.30 max<\/td>\n345 MPa (50 ksi)<\/td>\n275 MPa (40 ksi)<\/td>\n20%<\/td>\n4,51 g\/cm3<\/td>\nDeniz suyu ve genel korozyon hizmeti; varsay\u0131lan kaynaklanabilir kalite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 3<\/td>\nR50550<\/td>\n3.7055<\/td>\nAla\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z Ti, O 0.35 max, Fe 0.30 max<\/td>\n450 MPa (65 ksi)<\/td>\n380 MPa (55 ksi)<\/td>\n18%<\/td>\n4,51 g\/cm3<\/td>\nAla\u015f\u0131mlama olmadan Grade 2'den daha fazla mukavemet gerektiren bas\u0131n\u00e7 par\u00e7alar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 4<\/td>\nR50700<\/td>\n3.7065 \/ T60<\/td>\nAla\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z Ti, O 0.40 max, Fe 0.50 max<\/td>\n550 MPa (80 ksi)<\/td>\n483 MPa (70 ksi)<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n4,51 g\/cm3<\/td>\nEn g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z kalite; di\u015f\u00e7ilik ve cerrahi alet i\u015fleri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 5<\/td>\nR56400<\/td>\n3.7165<\/td>\nTi-6Al-4V (Al 5.5-6.75, V 3.5-4.5)<\/td>\n895 MPa (130 ksi)<\/td>\n828 MPa (120 ksi)<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n4,43 g\/cm3<\/td>\nY\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan tala\u015fl\u0131 imal edilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar, miller ve ba\u011flant\u0131 elemanlar\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 7<\/td>\nR52400<\/td>\n3.7235<\/td>\nGrade 2 kimyasal bile\u015fimi art\u0131 Pd 0.12-0.25<\/td>\n345 MPa (50 ksi)<\/td>\n275 MPa (40 ksi)<\/td>\n20%<\/td>\n4,51 g\/cm3<\/td>\n\u0130ndirgeyici asitler ve aral\u0131k korozyonu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 9<\/td>\nR56320<\/td>\n3.7195<\/td>\nTi-3Al-2.5V (Al 2.5-3.5, V 2.0-3.0)<\/td>\n620 MPa (90 ksi)<\/td>\n483 MPa (70 ksi)<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n4,48 g\/cm3<\/td>\nGrade 2 \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.8 kat\u0131nda h\u00e2l\u00e2 so\u011fuk \u015fekillenen boru<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 11<\/td>\nR52250<\/td>\n3.7225<\/td>\nGrade 1 kimyasal bile\u015fimi art\u0131 Pd 0.12-0.25<\/td>\n240 MPa (35 ksi)<\/td>\n138 MPa (20 ksi)<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\n4,51 g\/cm3<\/td>\nDerin \u015fekillendirme gerekti\u011finde Grade 7 korozyon davran\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 12<\/td>\nR53400<\/td>\n3.7105<\/td>\nTi-0.3Mo-0.8Ni (Mo 0.2-0.4, Ni 0.6-0.9)<\/td>\n483 MPa (70 ksi)<\/td>\n345 MPa (50 ksi)<\/td>\n18%<\/td>\n4,51 g\/cm3<\/td>\nS\u0131cak klor\u00fcr salamuras\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131k hizmeti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 16<\/td>\nR52402<\/td>\nYayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mda hi\u00e7biri<\/td>\nGrade 2 kimyasal bile\u015fimi art\u0131 Pd 0.04-0.08<\/td>\n345 MPa (50 ksi)<\/td>\n275 MPa (40 ksi)<\/td>\n20%<\/td>\n4,51 g\/cm3<\/td>\nPaladyumun yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biriyle Grade 7 hizmeti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 17<\/td>\nR52252<\/td>\nYayg\u0131n kullan\u0131mda hi\u00e7biri<\/td>\nGrade 1 kimyasal bile\u015fimi art\u0131 Pd 0.04-0.08<\/td>\n240 MPa (35 ksi)<\/td>\n138 MPa (20 ksi)<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\n4,51 g\/cm3<\/td>\nPaladyumun yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biriyle Grade 11 hizmeti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 23<\/td>\nASTM B265, B348, B381 ve B863 alt\u0131nda R56407; yaln\u0131zca ASTM F136 alt\u0131nda R56401<\/td>\n3.7165 (Grade 5 ile ortak; ELI'nin ayr\u0131 DIN numaras\u0131 yoktur)<\/td>\nTi-6Al-4V ELI (Al 5.5-6.5, V 3.5-4.5, O 0.13 max)<\/td>\n828 MPa (120 ksi)<\/td>\n759 MPa (110 ksi)<\/td>\n10%<\/td>\n4,43 g\/cm3<\/td>\nK\u0131r\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik par\u00e7alar ve cerrahi implant malzemesi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

<\/p>\n

Werkstoffnummer s\u00fctunu, e\u011fik \u00e7izgiden sonra Frans\u0131z tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 da verir: Grade 1 i\u00e7in T35, Grade 2 i\u00e7in T40 ve Grade 4 i\u00e7in T60.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bu tablo bir sipari\u015fe ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce iki not. Yo\u011funluk nominal fiziksel \u00f6zelliktir, ASTM gereksinimi de\u011fildir; bu nedenle malzeme sertifikas\u0131nda test edilmi\u015f de\u011fer olarak hi\u00e7bir zaman yer almaz. Grade 23 UNS numaras\u0131 standarda ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r: B serisi \u00fcretici \u00fcr\u00fcn spesifikasyonlar\u0131 ASTM B265, B348, B381 ve B863 i\u00e7in \u00e7apraz ba\u015fvuru R56407 iken, cerrahi implantlar i\u00e7in ASTM F136 onu R56401 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131r ve yanl\u0131\u015f olan\u0131 yazmak reddedilen malzemenin yayg\u0131n nedenidir. Avrupa teknik resimleri bunun yerine genellikle DIN malzeme numaras\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r; bizim Werkstoffnummer ile ASTM \u00e7apraz referans\u0131<\/a> her iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc e\u015fle\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Ticari saf titanyum kaliteleri 1 ila 4<\/h2>\n

D\u00f6rt ticari saf kalitenin tamam\u0131, kas\u0131tl\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131m ilavesi olmayan ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z titanyumdur. Onlar\u0131 ay\u0131ran, gev\u015fek herhangi bir anlamda safl\u0131k de\u011fildir. Standart, mukavemeti art\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak izin verilen arayer oksijen ve azot ile ikame demir seviyesidir. ASTM B861 bunu kendi kapsam ifadesinde belirtir: Grade 1 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oksijenli ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z titanyumdur, Grade 2 standart oksijenli, Grade 3 orta oksijenlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Element (wt%, max)<\/th>\nGrade 1<\/th>\nGrade 2<\/th>\nGrade 3<\/th>\nGrade 4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Oksijen<\/td>\n0.18<\/td>\n0.25<\/td>\n0.35<\/td>\n0.40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Demir<\/td>\n0.20<\/td>\n0.30<\/td>\n0.30<\/td>\n0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Azot<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n0.03<\/td>\n0.05<\/td>\n0.05<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Karbon<\/td>\n0.08<\/td>\n0.08<\/td>\n0.08<\/td>\n0.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hidrojen<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n0.015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Art\u0131klar, her biri \/ toplam<\/td>\n0.1 \/ 0.4<\/td>\n0.1 \/ 0.4<\/td>\n0.1 \/ 0.4<\/td>\n0.1 \/ 0.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asgari \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\n240 MPa<\/td>\n345 MPa<\/td>\n450 MPa<\/td>\n550 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Min akma<\/td>\n138 MPa<\/td>\n275 MPa<\/td>\n380 MPa<\/td>\n483 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maks akma (B265)<\/td>\n310 MPa<\/td>\n450 MPa<\/td>\n550 MPa<\/td>\n655 MPa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Min kopma uzamas\u0131<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\n20%<\/td>\n18%<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Oksijen sat\u0131r\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve kopma uzamas\u0131 sat\u0131r\u0131nda yukar\u0131 okuyun, aile anlam kazan\u0131r. Oksijen 0.18'den y\u00fczde 0.40'e \u00e7\u0131kar, minimum \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 iki kat\u0131ndan fazla artar, kopma uzamas\u0131 24'ten y\u00fczde 15'e d\u00fc\u015fer. Grade 4, Grade 1'den daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalite de\u011fildir; mukavemet elde etmek i\u00e7in kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak daha fazla oksijen ve demir i\u00e7erir ve \u015fekillendirilebilirlik ile kaynak s\u00fcnekli\u011finde bedel \u00f6der. Karbon ve hidrojen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00f6rd\u00fc aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmez; y\u00fczde 0.015 maksimumdaki hidrojen, \u00e7ekme de\u011ferlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden malzemeyi hidrit plakac\u0131klar\u0131yla gevrekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in sertifikada izlenecek de\u011ferdir. Akma dayan\u0131m\u0131 ASTM B265'te ayr\u0131ca maksimum ta\u015f\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fan sac, bu kalitelerin sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fekillere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez.<\/p>\n

Yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f kalite tablolar\u0131n\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir nokta: ASTM burada minimum titanyum y\u00fczdesi belirtmez. Hem B265 hem B348, titanyumun farktan belirlendi\u011fini s\u00f6yler; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fczde 99.5 saf gibi rakamlar, element maksimumlar\u0131ndan aritmetik kal\u0131nt\u0131lard\u0131r, kimsenin sertifikaland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015fey de\u011fildir. Uygulamada Grade 2 hacim kalitesidir, Grade 1 par\u00e7a yo\u011fun \u00e7ekilecekse veya anot altl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da serbest kaplama olarak kullan\u0131lacaksa se\u00e7ilir, Grade 3 ve 4 ise bas\u0131n\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z korozyon davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla ala\u015f\u0131m d\u00fczeyi mukavemete ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00dcr\u00fcn rotalar\u0131 bizim ASTM B265 sac ve plaka rehberi<\/a> ve ASTM B348 \u00e7ubuk ve k\u00fct\u00fck rehberi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Titanyum ala\u015f\u0131m kaliteleri<\/h2>\n

Grade 5, Ti-6Al-4V<\/h3>\n

Grade 5 en yayg\u0131n sipari\u015f edilen titanyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. ASTM y\u00fczde 5.5 ila 6.75 al\u00fcminyum ve y\u00fczde 3.5 ila 4.5 vanadyum, maksimum y\u00fczde 0.20 oksijen ve maksimum y\u00fczde 0.40 demire izin verir. Tavlanm\u0131\u015f minimumlar, y\u00fczde 10 kopma uzamas\u0131nda 895 MPa \u00e7ekme ve 828 MPa akmad\u0131r, Grade 2 akmas\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131 ve yo\u011funlu\u011fun y\u00fczde 98'i kadard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00f6zelti i\u015flemi ve ya\u015fland\u0131rmaya yan\u0131t verir; bu nedenle durum belirtilmelidir, aksi halde \u00fcretici fabrika tavlanm\u0131\u015f tedarik eder. Kaynaklanabilir, ancak ticari saf titanyumdan daha s\u0131k\u0131 kontrol gerektirir ve daha yava\u015f i\u015flenir.<\/p>\n

Grade 9, Ti-3Al-2.5V<\/h3>\n

Grade 9, 620 MPa minimum \u00e7ekme ve 483 MPa minimum akma, y\u00fczde 15 kopma uzamas\u0131yla CP kaliteleri ile Grade 5 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Az miktardaki y\u00fczde 3 al\u00fcminyum ve y\u00fczde 2.5 vanadyum, so\u011fuk \u00e7ekme ve so\u011fuk b\u00fckme i\u00e7in yeterli s\u00fcnekli\u011fi b\u0131rak\u0131r; bu nedenle hidrolik hatlar, havac\u0131l\u0131k kanallar\u0131 ve bisiklet kadrolar\u0131 i\u00e7in titanyum borularda bask\u0131nd\u0131r. Grade 2'ye g\u00f6re bir mukavemet-a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k y\u00fckseltmesidir, korozyon y\u00fckseltmesi de\u011fildir: deniz suyunda veya asitte korozyon \u00f6ncelikli kaliteler \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olmaya devam eder. Boru rotalar\u0131 \u015furada a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ASTM B338 boru rehberi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Grade 23, Ti-6Al-4V ELI<\/h3>\n

Grade 23, arayerleri azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Grade 5'tir: y\u00fczde 0.20 yerine 0.13 oksijen, 0.40 yerine 0.25 demir, 0.05 yerine 0.03 azot, 0.015 yerine 0.0125 hidrojen, 6.75 yerine 6.5 ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f al\u00fcminyum. ELI ekstra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck arayer anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu, mukavemet pahas\u0131na k\u0131r\u0131lma toklu\u011funu ve hasar tolerans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r, kriyojenik davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 iyile\u015ftirir: minimumlar 828 MPa \u00e7ekme ve 759 MPa akmaya d\u00fc\u015fer. Bu de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015f kalitenin varl\u0131k nedenidir ve Grade 5'e kar\u015f\u0131 bizim Grade 5 ve Grade 23 yan yana kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Grade 23, UNS numaraland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n da kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 kalitedir. ASTM B348 kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7ubuk, B265 kapsam\u0131nda plaka, B381 kapsam\u0131nda d\u00f6vme par\u00e7a veya B863 kapsam\u0131nda tel olarak UNS R56407 tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. ASTM F136 kapsam\u0131nda cerrahi implant malzemesi olarak UNS R56401 tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r; F136 yaln\u0131zca ayn\u0131 belgenin daha s\u0131k\u0131 bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc de\u011fildir: daha y\u00fcksek minimum \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131mlar\u0131 belirler, azota y\u00fczde 0.03 yerine 0.05 d\u00fczeyinde daha fazla izin verir ve hidrojeni y\u00fczde 0.0125 yerine 0.012 ile daha s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar. Ayn\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131m, farkl\u0131 kabul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri. Yaln\u0131zca kaliteyi de\u011fil standard\u0131 belirtiniz.<\/p>\n

Korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kaliteler: 7, 11, 12, 16, 17<\/h2>\n

Titanyum, pasif bir titanyum dioksit filmi sayesinde korozyona diren\u00e7 g\u00f6sterir. Oksitleyici ve n\u00f6tr klor\u00fcr ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bu film hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 yeniden olu\u015fur; Grade 2'nin deniz suyuna s\u00fcresiz dayanmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur. Oksijenin t\u00fcketildi\u011fi indirgeyici asitlerde ve dar aral\u0131klarda film kendini onaramaz ve ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z titanyum aktif olarak korozyona u\u011frar. Bu be\u015f kalitenin d\u00f6rd\u00fc bunu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir platin grubu ilavesiyle \u00e7\u00f6zer; be\u015fincisi farkl\u0131 bir mekanizma kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Paladyum, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck hidrojen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 gerilimli bir katot g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Y\u00fczdenin birka\u00e7 y\u00fczde biri ala\u015f\u0131m potansiyelini pasif aral\u0131\u011fa kayd\u0131r\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece oksit filmi aksi halde olu\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 yerde yeniden olu\u015fur. Grade 7 ve 11, y\u00fczde 0.12 ila 0.25 paladyum ta\u015f\u0131r; Grade 16 ve 17, paladyumun yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te biri ve daha az agresif hizmette faydan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu olan y\u00fczde 0.04 ila 0.08 ta\u015f\u0131r. Bunlar paladyum kaliteleridir, rutenyum kaliteleri de\u011fildir: rutenyum e\u015fde\u011ferleri, paladyum fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n Grade 7 ailesini pahal\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde geli\u015ftirilen, her ikisi de y\u00fczde 0.08 ila 0.14 rutenyum i\u00e7eren Grade 26 ve Grade 27'dir. E\u015fle\u015ftirme sistematiktir; her paladyum kalitesi ticari saf bir temel \u00fczerinde yer al\u0131r ve mekanik \u00f6zellikler ilaveden de\u011fil bu temelden gelir, bu nedenle Grade 7 ve Grade 2 ayn\u0131 \u00e7ekme minimumlar\u0131n\u0131 payla\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kalite<\/th>\nTemel kimyasal bile\u015fim<\/th>\n\u0130lave<\/th>\nSe\u00e7im nedeni<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 7<\/td>\nGrade 2 (O 0.25, Fe 0.30 max)<\/td>\nPd 0.12-0.25<\/td>\nSeyreltik s\u00fclf\u00fcrik ve hidroklorik gibi indirgeyici asitler; contalar, birikintiler ve boru-boru levhas\u0131 birle\u015fimleri alt\u0131nda aral\u0131k sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 11<\/td>\nGrade 1 (O 0.18, Fe 0.20 max)<\/td>\nPd 0.12-0.25<\/td>\nYo\u011fun \u00e7ekilmesi veya serbest kaplama olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken par\u00e7alarda ayn\u0131 asit ve aral\u0131k hizmeti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 12<\/td>\nAla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131, CP de\u011fil<\/td>\nMo 0.2-0.4, Ni 0.6-0.9<\/td>\nS\u0131cak klor\u00fcr salamuralar\u0131, jeotermal ve desalinasyon hizmeti, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta aral\u0131k korozyonu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 16<\/td>\nGrade 2 (O 0.25, Fe 0.30 max)<\/td>\nPd 0.04-0.08<\/td>\nTam Grade 7 paladyum i\u00e7eri\u011finin gerek\u00e7eli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 orta d\u00fczey indirgeyici asit ve aral\u0131k hizmeti<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 17<\/td>\nGrade 1 (O 0.18, Fe 0.20 max)<\/td>\nPd 0.04-0.08<\/td>\n\u015eekillendirilmi\u015f ve kaplanm\u0131\u015f bile\u015fenler i\u00e7in Grade 1 temelindeki Grade 16 durumu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Grade 12 ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan ve en \u00e7ok yanl\u0131\u015f okunan kalitedir: hi\u00e7bir platin grubu metal i\u00e7ermez. Molibden ve nikel, \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 minimum 483 MPa'a y\u00fckseltir ve aral\u0131k korozyonu e\u015fi\u011fini yukar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r; bu nedenle so\u011fuk asit yerine s\u0131cak salamura i\u00e7in belirtilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma kural\u0131 \u015fudur: indirgeyici asit Grade 7 veya Grade 16'y\u0131, s\u0131cak klor\u00fcr Grade 12'yi i\u015faret eder ve ikisi de ge\u00e7erliyse se\u00e7im tablo yerine bir korozyon m\u00fchendisine ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Ortama g\u00f6re se\u00e7im, \u015fu k\u0131lavuzumuzda ele al\u0131n\u0131r kimyasal i\u015fleme i\u00e7in titanyum kalite se\u00e7imi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Alfa, alfa-beta ve beta titanyum ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h2>\n
\"Titanium
Faz yap\u0131s\u0131 \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131, \u015fekillendirilebilirli\u011fi ve kaynaklanabilirli\u011fi belirler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Saf titanyum, yakla\u015f\u0131k 882 \u00b0C'de kristal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir; alttaki s\u0131k\u0131 paketlenmi\u015f hegzagonal alfadan \u00fcstteki hacim merkezli k\u00fcbik betaya ge\u00e7er. Ala\u015f\u0131m elementleri, hangi faz\u0131 kararl\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r: al\u00fcminyum, oksijen, azot ve kalay alfay\u0131; vanadyum, molibden, niyobyum, demir, krom ve nikel ise betay\u0131 kararl\u0131 k\u0131lar. Denge, bir kalitenin \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem ve \u015fekillendirmede nas\u0131l davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<\/p>\n

Alfa ve alfa yak\u0131n\u0131 kaliteler<\/h3>\n

Ticari saf 1 ila 4 kaliteleri ile 7, 11, 16 ve 17 paladyum kaliteleri, en fazla iz miktarda beta i\u00e7eren tek fazl\u0131 alfad\u0131r. Grade 12, molibdeni ve nikeli nedeniyle az miktarda beta i\u00e7eren \u00e7o\u011funlukla alfa olan alfa yak\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r. Hi\u00e7biri \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemle g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilemez; mukavemet arayer i\u00e7eri\u011finden ve so\u011fuk i\u015ften gelir, CP b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn yukar\u0131da tam olarak neden bir kimyasal bile\u015fim tablosu oldu\u011fu budur. Tavlanm\u0131\u015f tedarik edilir, kolay kaynaklan\u0131r ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00f6zelliklerini korurlar.<\/p>\n

Alfa-beta kaliteleri<\/h3>\n

Grade 5 ve 23 klasik alfa-beta ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131d\u0131r; oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda her iki faz da bulunur ve \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u015flemi ile ya\u015fland\u0131rmaya ger\u00e7ek yan\u0131t verir. Grade 9 normalde alfa yak\u0131n\u0131 olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde birka\u00e7 beta i\u00e7erir; bu nedenle boruya so\u011fuk \u00e7ekilebilecek yeterli s\u00fcnekli\u011fi korur, baz\u0131 kaynaklar ise onu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 alfa-beta ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131yla gruplar. Bir UNS numaras\u0131 \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 mukavemetlerde tavlanm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u015flemli ve ya\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f malzemeyi kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, durum sipari\u015fte yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Beta kaliteleri<\/h3>\n

Grades 19, 20 ve 21, so\u011fuma s\u0131ras\u0131nda beta faz\u0131n\u0131 koruyacak kadar beta kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7erir. \u00c7\u00f6zeltiye alma i\u015flemi uygulanm\u0131\u015f durumda iyi so\u011fuk \u015fekillenir, ard\u0131ndan ya\u015fland\u0131rmayla ASTM sistemindeki en y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131mlara ula\u015f\u0131rlar: B348, y\u00fcksek dayan\u0131ml\u0131 ya\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda Grades 19 ve 20 i\u00e7in minimum 1138 MPa, Grade 21 i\u00e7in 1172 MPa belirler; Grade 5 i\u00e7in bu de\u011fer 895 MPa d\u00fczeyindedir. Maliyet, bunlar\u0131 rutin end\u00fcstriyel sipari\u015flerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutar.<\/p>\n

Sipari\u015f verme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7 do\u011frudand\u0131r. Bir alfa kalitesi i\u00e7in durum de\u011fi\u015fken de\u011fildir ve sertifika tavlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6sterir. Alfa-beta veya beta kalitesinde ise sipari\u015fte durumun belirtilmemesi, kalite ad\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na par\u00e7ay\u0131 tan\u0131mlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir; beta transusa g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirme s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131fa g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n

\"Titanium
Her kalite her \u00fcr\u00fcn formunda bulunmaz; form ve standart birlikte neyin sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fini belirler.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Grade 19 ve Grade 29: bu tabloda yer almayan iki kalite<\/h2>\n

Yukar\u0131daki kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma tablosu Grade 23 ile sona erer. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki iki kalite, teknik resimlerde belirtilmeye de\u011fer s\u0131kl\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr: bir beta ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 olan Grade 19 ve rutenyum eklenmi\u015f Grade 23 kimyasal bile\u015fimine sahip Grade 29. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ala\u015f\u0131m kimlikleri, ASTM B348 kapsam maddesi 1.1 i\u00e7inde belirtilenlerdir; kimyasal bile\u015fim ve \u00e7ekme s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ise ASTM B265 tablolar\u0131ndakilerdir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genel referans de\u011fil, sac, \u015ferit ve plaka de\u011ferleridir. Her iki kalite i\u00e7in \u00e7ubuk veya d\u00f6vme par\u00e7a sipari\u015fi kendi \u00fcr\u00fcn standard\u0131na ve kendi tablolar\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00dcr\u00fcn standartlar\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131yla Grade 19 ve Grade 29<\/caption>\n
Kalem<\/th>\nGrade 19<\/th>\nGrade 29<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Ala\u015f\u0131m kimli\u011fi<\/td>\nTitanyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fczde 3 al\u00fcminyum, y\u00fczde 8 vanadyum, y\u00fczde 6 krom, y\u00fczde 4 zirkonyum, y\u00fczde 4 molibden (ASTM B348 kapsam maddesi 1.1, nominal bile\u015fim)<\/td>\nTitanyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fczde 6 al\u00fcminyum, y\u00fczde 4 vanadyum, ekstra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck arayer elementi i\u00e7eri\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca y\u00fczde 0.08 ila 0.14 rutenyum (ASTM B348 kapsam maddesi 1.1, nominal bile\u015fim)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Al\u00fcminyum<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 3.0 ila 4.0 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 5.5 ila 6.5 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vanadyum<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 7.5 ila 8.5 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 3.5 ila 4.5 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Di\u011fer ala\u015f\u0131m elementleri<\/td>\nKrom y\u00fczde 5.5 ila 6.5, molibden y\u00fczde 3.5 ila 4.5, zirkonyum y\u00fczde 3.5 ila 4.5 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\nRutenyum y\u00fczde 0.08 ila 0.14 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oksijen, maksimum<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 0.12 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 0.13 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hidrojen, maksimum<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 0.02 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 0.0125 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Demir, maksimum<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 0.30 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 0.25 (ASTM B265, kimyasal gereklilikler)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tablodaki \u00f6zelliklerin ait oldu\u011fu durum<\/td>\n\u00c7\u00f6zeltiye alma i\u015flemi uygulanm\u0131\u015f. ASTM B265 i\u00e7inde Grade 19 \u00f6zellik sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 G ve H tablo notlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sonraki \u00fc\u00e7 sat\u0131rdaki her de\u011fer \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye alma i\u015flemi uygulanm\u0131\u015f duruma aittir; H notu, kalitenin normalde \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye alma i\u015flemi uygulanm\u0131\u015f halde sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdaki \u00f6zelliklerin al\u0131c\u0131 ile tedarik\u00e7i aras\u0131nda kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir<\/td>\nTavlanm\u0131\u015f, ASTM B265 tablosunda verilen durum. Grade 29 sat\u0131r\u0131nda durum notu bulunmaz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asgari \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131<\/td>\n793 MPa (115 ksi), \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye alma i\u015flemi uygulanm\u0131\u015f (ASTM B265, \u00e7ekme gereklilikleri, G ve H tablo notlar\u0131)<\/td>\n828 MPa (120 ksi) (ASTM B265, \u00e7ekme gereklilikleri)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Minimum akma dayan\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fczde 0.2 ofset<\/td>\n759 MPa (110 ksi), \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye alma i\u015flemi uygulanm\u0131\u015f (ASTM B265, \u00e7ekme gereklilikleri, G ve H tablo notlar\u0131)<\/td>\n759 MPa (110 ksi) (ASTM B265, \u00e7ekme gereklilikleri)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Asgari kopma uzamas\u0131<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 15, \u00e7\u00f6zeltiye alma i\u015flemi uygulanm\u0131\u015f (ASTM B265, \u00e7ekme gereklilikleri, G ve H tablo notlar\u0131)<\/td>\ny\u00fczde 10 (ASTM B265, \u00e7ekme gereklilikleri)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Ana tablodaki bir s\u00fctun burada bilerek eksik b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ASTM B serisi tablolar kaliteleri numarayla belirtir ve yanlar\u0131nda bir UNS numaras\u0131 vermez; bu nedenle UNS referans\u0131 gereken bir sipari\u015f, \u00fcr\u00fcn standard\u0131n\u0131n bunu sa\u011flamas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek yerine UNS numaras\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u015fartnameyi belirtmelidir. ASTM B265 tablo notu A ayr\u0131ca tablodaki minimumlar\u0131n hem boyuna hem de enine testlere uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tavlanmam\u0131\u015f malzeme veya 25 mm (1 in.) de\u011ferinden kal\u0131n plaka i\u00e7in \u00f6zelliklerin al\u0131c\u0131 ile tedarik\u00e7i aras\u0131nda kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n

Hangi kaliteler hangi \u00fcr\u00fcn formlar\u0131nda bulunur<\/h2>\n

Bir kalite, yaln\u0131zca standart kombinasyonu kaps\u0131yorsa bir formda sipari\u015f edilebilir ve bo\u015fluklar insanlar\u0131 yan\u0131lt\u0131r. Kondenser ve \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirici boru standard\u0131 ASTM B338, 28 kalitesi aras\u0131nda Grade 4, Grade 5 veya Grade 23'\u00fc listelemez; B861 ve B862 boru standartlar\u0131 ise Grade 4'\u00fc listelemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kalite<\/th>\n\u00c7ubuk ve k\u00fct\u00fck (B348)<\/th>\n\u015eerit, sac, plaka (B265)<\/th>\nKondenser borusu (B338)<\/th>\nBoru (B861 \/ B862)<\/th>\nD\u00f6vme par\u00e7alar (B381)<\/th>\nTel (B863)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 1<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 2<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 3<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 4<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nKapsanmaz<\/td>\nKapsanmaz<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 5<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nKapsanmaz<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 7<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 9<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 11<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 12<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 16<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 17<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Grade 23<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nKapsanmaz<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\nEvet<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Bir bo\u015fluk her zaman malzemenin \u00fcretilemeyece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Grade 5 boru mevcuttur, ancak B338 yerine havac\u0131l\u0131k spesifikasyonuna veya boru standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131r; Grade 23 implant \u00e7ubu\u011fu ve teli ise B348 veya B863 yerine ASTM F136'ya g\u00f6re sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131r. Bo\u015fluklar\u0131n anlam\u0131, sipari\u015fte ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en standard\u0131n o formdaki kaliteyi kapsamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir; aksi halde \u00fcretici fabrikan\u0131n sertifikaland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 kabul kriteri yoktur.<\/p>\n

Titanyum kalitesi nas\u0131l se\u00e7ilir<\/h2>\n
\"Titanium
Hizmet ko\u015fulu kaliteyi belirler. Tekliften \u00f6nce ge\u00e7erli standarda g\u00f6re do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kalite ad\u0131ndan de\u011fil, hizmet ko\u015fulundan \u015fu s\u0131rayla ilerleyin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
K\u0131lavuz, kaliteyi kalite ad\u0131ndan ziyade kullan\u0131m ko\u015fuluna g\u00f6re okur.<\/caption>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fulu<\/th>\nK\u0131lavuzun i\u015faret etti\u011fi kalite<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Deniz suyu, ac\u0131 su, n\u00f6tr klor\u00fcrler<\/td>\nGrade 2 temel seviyedir ve bunlar\u0131 s\u00fcresiz olarak kar\u015f\u0131lar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0130ndirgen asitler veya contalar ve birikintiler alt\u0131ndaki aral\u0131klar<\/td>\nGrade 2 temelinde Grade 7 veya Grade 16, Grade 1 temelinde Grade 11 veya Grade 17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u0131cak klor\u00fcr salamuras\u0131, jeotermal, tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma<\/td>\nS\u0131cakl\u0131kta daha y\u00fcksek aral\u0131k korozyonu e\u015fi\u011fi i\u00e7in Grade 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan i\u015flenmi\u015f par\u00e7a, mil veya ba\u011flant\u0131 eleman\u0131 ya da Ti-6Al-4V \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapan teknik resim<\/td>\nIs\u0131l i\u015flem durumu belirtilmi\u015f Grade 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u0131r\u0131lma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik par\u00e7a, kriyojenik kullan\u0131m veya medikal implant<\/td>\n\u0130mplant ise ASTM F136'ya, de\u011filse B348 veya B265'e g\u00f6re sipari\u015f edilen Grade 23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B\u00fck\u00fclmesi, bas\u0131n\u00e7 tutmas\u0131 ve dayan\u0131mda Grade 2'yi ge\u00e7mesi gereken boru<\/td>\nGrade 9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z korozyon davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla Grade 2'den daha fazla dayan\u0131m gerektiren bas\u0131n\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131<\/td>\nGrade 3 veya Grade 4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0130ki hata bi\u00e7imini belirtmekte yarar vard\u0131r. \u0130lki, en dayan\u0131ml\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan olarak Grade 5 se\u00e7mektir: deniz suyunda veya asitte Grade 2'den daha iyi performans g\u00f6stermez ve sat\u0131n alma, kaynak ve tala\u015fl\u0131 imalat maliyeti daha y\u00fcksektir. \u0130kincisi, Grade 9'u korozyon a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00fcst se\u00e7enek olarak de\u011ferlendirmektir: korozyon pay\u0131 de\u011fil, dayan\u0131m\/a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k oran\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131r. \u00dcr\u00fcn formlar\u0131 genelinde do\u011frudan ticari saf titanyum ile Ti-6Al-4V aras\u0131ndaki se\u00e7im i\u00e7in okuyunuz Grade 2 ve Grade 5 titanyum kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Sipari\u015fte titanyum kalitesi nas\u0131l belirtilir<\/h2>\n

\u00dcretici fabrikan\u0131n sertifikaland\u0131rabilece\u011fi bir sipari\u015f kalemi yedi unsur gerektirir: \u00fcr\u00fcn formu, ge\u00e7erli standart ve kalite, UNS numaras\u0131, tolerans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla birlikte boyutlar, durum, y\u00fczey durumu ve test ve sertifika gereklili\u011fi. \u00d6rne\u011fin: titanyum \u00e7ubuk, ASTM B348 Grade 23, UNS R56407, 40 mm \u00e7ap, tavlanm\u0131\u015f, puntas\u0131z ta\u015flanm\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6k\u00fcm numaras\u0131 ile izlenebilirlik sa\u011flayan EN 10204 3.1. \u00dcr\u00fcn formu \u00e7ubuksa ve kalite hen\u00fcz belirlenmemi\u015fse kullan\u0131n\u0131z titanyum \u00e7ubuk kalite se\u00e7im k\u0131lavuzu<\/a> sipari\u015f kalemini kesinle\u015ftirmeden \u00f6nce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Bir \u00fcretici fabrikan\u0131n sertifikaland\u0131rabilece\u011fi sipari\u015f kalemi bu yedi unsuru gerektirir.<\/caption>\n
Sipari\u015f sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki alan<\/th>\nK\u0131lavuzdan \u00f6rnek<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u00dcr\u00fcn formu<\/td>\nTitanyum \u00e7ubuk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ge\u00e7erli standart ve kalite<\/td>\nASTM B348 Grade 23<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
UNS numaras\u0131<\/td>\nUNS R56407<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tolerans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131yla boyutlar<\/td>\nRehberin \u00f6rnek sat\u0131r\u0131nda 40 mm \u00e7ap; boyutun yan\u0131nda tolerans s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiniz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Durum<\/td>\nTavlanm\u0131\u015f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Y\u00fczey durumu<\/td>\nPuntas\u0131z ta\u015flanm\u0131\u015f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Test ve sertifika gereklili\u011fi<\/td>\nD\u00f6k\u00fcm numaras\u0131 ile izlenebilirlik i\u00e7eren EN 10204 3.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Reddedilen malzemelerin \u00e7o\u011fu iki eksiklikten birine dayan\u0131r. \u0130lki, standart olmadan kalite belirtmektir ve en \u00e7ok Grade 23'te sorun \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r: ASTM B348'e g\u00f6re minimum 828 MPa \u00e7ekme ile UNS R56407'dir, ASTM F136'ya g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek minimum ve farkl\u0131 arayer s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla UNS R56401'dir. \u0130kincisi, tek kalite numaras\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczlerce megapaskal farkla tavlanm\u0131\u015f ve ya\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f malzemeyi kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alfa-beta veya beta kalitesinde durumun bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
K\u0131lavuz, reddedilen malzemeye yol a\u00e7an iki eksikli\u011fi belirtir.<\/caption>\n
Yayg\u0131n eksiklik<\/th>\nK\u0131lavuza g\u00f6re yanl\u0131\u015f giden durum<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Standart olmadan kalite belirtmek<\/td>\nEn \u00e7ok Grade 23'te sorun yarat\u0131r: ASTM B348'e g\u00f6re asgari 828 MPa \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131yla UNS R56407'dir, ASTM F136'ya g\u00f6re ise daha y\u00fcksek asgari de\u011fer ve farkl\u0131 arayer s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131yla UNS R56401'dir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Alfa-beta veya beta kalitede durumu bo\u015f b\u0131rakmak<\/td>\nTek kalite numaras\u0131, aralar\u0131nda y\u00fczlerce megapascal bulunan tavlanm\u0131\u015f ve ya\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f malzemeyi kapsar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Beiyu Titanium tedarik eder titanyum \u00fcretici \u00fcr\u00fcnleri<\/a> ASTM ve AMS spesifikasyonlar\u0131na uygun olarak. EN 10204 3.1 dok\u00fcmantasyonu ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm veya lot izlenebilirli\u011fi gerekti\u011finde, istenen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve izlenebilirlik alanlar\u0131n\u0131 teklif talebinde belirtin. \u00dcr\u00fcn formunu, kaliteyi, ge\u00e7erli standard\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri, miktar\u0131, durumu ve hizmet ortam\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderin; Beiyu ge\u00e7erli malzeme ve dok\u00fcman kapsam\u0131n\u0131 teklifte teyit eder.<\/p>\n

Ka\u00e7 titanyum kalitesi vard\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

Tek bir say\u0131 yoktur ve standart ad\u0131 verilmeden sunulan her yan\u0131t tahmindir. ASTM, kalite numaralar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretici \u00fcr\u00fcn spesifikasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde atar; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla say\u0131 spesifikasyona ve bask\u0131ya g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. ASTM B265 ve B348, B serisinde 8, 10 ve 22 atanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Grade 1 ila 7, 9, 11 ila 21 ve 23 ila 38 olmak \u00fczere 35 numaral\u0131 kaliteyi s\u0131ralar; her ikisinin sonraki bask\u0131lar\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 daha da geni\u015fletmi\u015ftir. Daha dar standartlar daha az\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir: ASTM B338 28 kaliteyi, ASTM B861 ise 34 kaliteyi kapsar. Numaralar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, temel kalitenin kimyasal bile\u015fimini payla\u015fan ancak bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 kap i\u015fleri i\u00e7in daha y\u00fcksek minimum \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 garanti eden 2H, 7H, 16H ve 26H varyantlar\u0131 bulunur.<\/p>\n

Bir d\u00fczeltme, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc hata tedarik\u00e7i sitelerinde yayg\u0131n olarak dola\u015f\u0131r: Grade 6 vard\u0131r. Ti-5Al-2.5Sn, UNS R54520'dir ve ASTM B265 ile B348'de minimum 828 MPa \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131yla listelenir. 8, 10 ve 22, B serisinde ger\u00e7ekten bulunmayan numaralard\u0131r. Ticari sipari\u015fler yakla\u015f\u0131k on iki kalite \u00fczerinde yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131r: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 16, 17 ve 23.<\/p>\n

Hangi titanyum kalitesi en iyisidir?<\/h2>\n

Titanyum kaliteleri s\u0131ralanmak yerine hizmete g\u00f6re e\u015fle\u015ftirilir; bu nedenle soru yaln\u0131zca hizmet ko\u015fulu belirtildi\u011finde yan\u0131tlan\u0131r. Grade 2, deniz suyu ve genel korozyon i\u015fleri i\u00e7in varsay\u0131land\u0131r ve ekipmanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bundan \u00fcretilir. Grade 5, bir par\u00e7a y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve tala\u015fl\u0131 imalat gerekti\u011finde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Grade 7 ve 11, indirgeyici asitler ve aral\u0131klarda en geni\u015f korozyon pay\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar; Grade 16 ve 17 ayn\u0131 hizmeti daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck paladyum i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle kapsar, Grade 12 ise s\u0131cak klor\u00fcr salamuralar\u0131nda devral\u0131r. Grade 23, yaln\u0131zca k\u0131r\u0131lma toklu\u011fu veya implant uygunlu\u011fu gereksinim oldu\u011funda do\u011frudur.<\/p>\n

En g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc titanyum kalitesi hangisidir?<\/h2>\n

Normal end\u00fcstriyel hacimde sipari\u015f edilen kaliteler aras\u0131nda Grade 5, tavlanm\u0131\u015f durumda minimum 895 MPa (130 ksi) \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131yla en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. ASTM sisteminde daha y\u00fcksek de\u011ferler vard\u0131r: B348, y\u00fcksek mukavemetli ya\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda beta ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 Grade 19 ve 20 i\u00e7in minimum 1138 MPa, Grade 21 i\u00e7in 1172 MPa belirler; en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ticari saf kalite Grade 4, 550 MPa'd\u0131r. Daha y\u00fcksek fiyatl\u0131 Ti-6Al-4V olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Grade 23, mukavemeti k\u0131r\u0131lma toklu\u011fu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in Grade 5'ten daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck minimumlara sahiptir.<\/p>\n

T\u0131bbi implantlarda hangi titanyum kalitesi kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n

Grade 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) ve ticari saf kaliteler implant malzemeleridir, ancak standart kalite ad\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130mplant stoku, UNS R56401 ta\u015f\u0131yan Ti-6Al-4V ELI i\u00e7in ASTM F136'ya veya ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z titanyum i\u00e7in ASTM F67'ye g\u00f6re sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131r. Genel m\u00fchendislik \u00e7ubu\u011fu olarak ASTM B348'e g\u00f6re sat\u0131n al\u0131nan ayn\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131m UNS R56407 ta\u015f\u0131r ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7ekme minimumuna sahiptir; implant kullan\u0131m\u0131nda F136 malzemesiyle birbirinin yerine kullan\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bu tablolardaki say\u0131lar nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr<\/h2>\n

Bir kalite tablosu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 verir. Bir de\u011ferin nas\u0131l \u00fcretildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemez; farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle ayn\u0131 de\u011feri belirten iki sertifika ayn\u0131 soruyu yan\u0131tlamaz. ASTM B348 bunu, dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 test y\u00f6ntemlerini belirterek \u00e7\u00f6zer; b\u00f6ylece esas varsay\u0131lmak yerine kontrol edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ne belirleniyor<\/th>\nASTM B348'in dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntem<\/th>\nBelirtilmesi neyi \u00e7\u00f6zer<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Oksijen ve azot<\/td>\nASTM E1409<\/td>\nAsal gaz f\u00fczyonu; b\u00f6ylece sertifikadaki arayer atomu de\u011ferlerinin belirtilmi\u015f bir esas\u0131 olur<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hidrojen<\/td>\nASTM E1447<\/td>\nELI kalitelerinde en s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131ra sahip element, belirtilen y\u00f6ntemle belirlenir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Karbon<\/td>\nASTM E1941<\/td>\nBelirtilmemi\u015f \u015firket i\u00e7i teknik yerine yakma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ala\u015f\u0131m bile\u015fimi<\/td>\nASTM E539 ve ASTM E2371<\/td>\nASTM B348'in at\u0131f yap\u0131lan belgelerinde belirtilen iki spektrometrik rota olan X-\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 floresans\u0131 ve atomik emisyon plazma spektrometrisi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00c7ekme \u00f6zellikleri<\/td>\nASTM E8<\/td>\nAkma ve \u00e7ekme de\u011ferlerinin nas\u0131l \u00fcretildi\u011fi, ASTM B348'in kendisinin belirtti\u011fi gerinim h\u0131z\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere, belirtilen akma dayan\u0131m\u0131na kadar 0,003 ila 0,007 in.\/in.\/min<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Raporlanan de\u011ferlerin yuvarlanmas\u0131<\/td>\nASTM E29<\/td>\nS\u0131n\u0131rdaki bir de\u011ferin ge\u00e7ip ge\u00e7meyece\u011fini kanaat de\u011fil, belirtilen yuvarlama kural\u0131 belirler<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Bunlar ASTM B348'in at\u0131f yap\u0131lan belgelerinde ve test b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde belirtti\u011fi y\u00f6ntemlerdir. Bir y\u00f6ntemi belirtmek, de\u011ferin nas\u0131l \u00fcretildi\u011fini belirler. Sipari\u015fin talep etmedi\u011fi bir muayene a\u015famas\u0131 eklemez ve iki farkl\u0131 belirlemeyi birbirinin yerine ge\u00e7ebilir h\u00e2le getirmez.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka ayr\u0131m, bu de\u011ferlerin sertifikada nas\u0131l okunaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Yukar\u0131daki s\u0131n\u0131rlar ergitmede al\u0131nan d\u00f6k\u00fcm analizi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131d\u0131r; bitmi\u015f par\u00e7a \u00fczerinde daha sonra yap\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcn analizi ise ASTM B348 kapsam\u0131nda kendi tolerans\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r ve kaliteyi geni\u015fletmez. Bu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma ve sertifikan\u0131n ne raporlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden sipari\u015f alanlar\u0131, \u015fu sayfada a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Grade 5 sertifikasyon rehberi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar\u0131yla \u015fartname ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n

ASTM sisteminde d\u00f6rt ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z kalite esas olarak oksijen ve dayan\u0131mla ayr\u0131l\u0131r: oksijen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 0,18% (Grade 1) de\u011ferinden 0,25%, 0,35% ve 0,40% (Grades 2, 3 ve 4) de\u011ferlerine y\u00fckselir; dayanak ASTM B265<\/a>, Tablo 1 ve minimum \u00e7ekme dayan\u0131m\u0131 ayn\u0131 standard\u0131n Tablo 2'sine g\u00f6re buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k 240 ila 550 MPa aras\u0131nda y\u00fckselir.<\/p>\n

Kalite numaralar\u0131 kesintisiz de\u011fildir: ASTM B265, Tablo 1, Grade 1'den Grade 38'e uzan\u0131r ve 8, 10 ve 22 numaralar\u0131 hi\u00e7bir bile\u015fime atanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. UNS numaralar\u0131 kesin \u00e7apraz referans\u0131 sa\u011flar; ayn\u0131 tabloya g\u00f6re \u00f6rne\u011fin Grade 2 i\u00e7in R50400 ve Grade 5 i\u00e7in R56400.<\/p>\n

Kalite belirlendikten sonra s\u0131radaki soru bunu kimin tedarik etti\u011fidir. \u0130lgili titanyum tedarik\u00e7i listeleri dizini<\/a> \u00fcr\u00fcn ailesi ve kaliteye g\u00f6re \u015firket sayfas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 grupland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ASTM numbers titanium grades from Grade 1 upward and leaves 8, 10 and 22 unassigned, so the count depends on which standard and edition you read. About a dozen account for nearly all commercial ordering. They split into two families: commercially pure titanium, where oxygen and iron content sets the strength, and titanium alloys carrying 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Sipari\u015fler teklif talebine dayan\u0131r; talep \u00fczerine EN 10204 3.1 muayene sertifikalar\u0131 ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm numaras\u0131 ile izlenebilirlik sa\u011flanabilir.","areaServed":"Worldwide","knowsAbout":["Titanium","Titanium alloy","Titanium bar","Titanium sheet and plate","Titanium tube and pipe","Titanium forgings","Titanium wire","Titanium anode"],"address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"Baotai Road Industrial Park, High-tech Development Zone","addressLocality":"Baoji","addressRegion":"Shaanxi","addressCountry":"CN"},"legalName":"Jiaxing Beiyu New Materials Technology Co., Ltd."},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/#\/schema\/person\/3560db17cf08813edf34f012735b971b","name":"Penn Ma","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr-TR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0659bdefb633d0d8e567b06d2f8bffac2a369834e53e96c922a06fd8a96f3c72?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0659bdefb633d0d8e567b06d2f8bffac2a369834e53e96c922a06fd8a96f3c72?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0659bdefb633d0d8e567b06d2f8bffac2a369834e53e96c922a06fd8a96f3c72?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Penn Ma"},"description":"Penn Ma, Beiyu Titanium'da teklif taleplerini yan\u0131tlayan ki\u015fidir. Titanyum ihracat\u0131nda 15 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcrede, sorgular\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f masas\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirmek yerine her spesifikasyon sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kendisinin g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeyi, teklif vermeden \u00f6nce kaliteyi, standard\u0131, boyutlar\u0131, tolerans\u0131 ve sertifika kapsam\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretici fabrika kabiliyetine g\u00f6re kontrol etmeyi \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftir. Titanyum tedarikine i\u015flemin di\u011fer taraf\u0131ndan gelmi\u015ftir. Beiyu'nun uluslararas\u0131 i\u015flerini y\u00f6netmeden \u00f6nce Koch'ta (Koch-Glitsch) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00c7in'in Fujian ilindeki bir SABIC petrokimya projesinin tesliminde do\u011frudan g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma muayene ve test planlar\u0131, malzeme sertifikasyonu ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm numaras\u0131 ile izlenebilirlik, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf muayene koordinasyonu, proje dok\u00fcmantasyonu ve dosya kontrol\u00fc \u00fczerine kuruluydu. Bunlar, proses end\u00fcstrisi veya d\u00fczenlemeye tabi bir al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n titanyum tedarik\u00e7isinden bekleyece\u011fi ayn\u0131 d\u00f6rt unsurdur; m\u00fc\u015fteri olarak bunlar\u0131 uygulatmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, bunlar\u0131n sonradan \u00fcretilen evrak de\u011fil tedarikin par\u00e7as\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedenidir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, bu sitenin yan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorular\u0131 kapsar: korozif bir hizmet i\u00e7in ticari safl\u0131kta ve ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 titanyum kaliteleri aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapmak, malzeme sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 sipari\u015f edilen standarda g\u00f6re okumak ve bir al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 (ASTM kalite, UNS, Alman Werkstoff numaras\u0131 veya Frans\u0131z NF kodu) pazarlar aras\u0131nda ayn\u0131 metalle e\u015fle\u015ftirmek. Beiyu; \u00e7ubuk, yuvarlak \u00e7ubuk, plaka, boru, blok, halka, kangal, k\u00fcl\u00e7e, d\u00f6vme par\u00e7a ve i\u015flenmi\u015f par\u00e7a formlar\u0131nda titanyum, nikel ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ve refrakter \u00fcretici fabrika \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini EN 10204 3.1 dok\u00fcmantasyonu ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm numaras\u0131 ile izlenebilirlikle tedarik eder.","url":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/author\/penn-ma\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3953"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6237,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3953\/revisions\/6237"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/beiyutitanium.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}